Abstracts of building architecture Patented Inventions, 26 April 1902
Introduction
The Builder was a weekly magazine that covered various topics related to architecture, engineering, construction, and design in Britain and abroad. This article lists building and architecture related patents from around April 1902. Reading these early patents on building and architecture can provide valuable insights into the development and evolution of various building techniques, materials, and technologies. It can help readers understand the historical context of modern construction practices and provide a foundation for further innovation in the field. Readers may also gain an appreciation for the ingenuity and creativity of inventors who sought to improve building design and construction methods. These early patents can inspire new ideas and solutions for current building and architecture challenges.
Improvements relating to the Purification of Air of Rooms
UK Patent: 23,245
Inventors: Titel & Wolde
For purifying air within an apartment, but without admitting a draught from outside, the inventors devise diaphragms of
caoutchouc,
or of some fabric steeped in a solution of that substance, which they stretch over a frame, or other mounting, before an opening in the wall, so that the fabric shall by dialysis, or some such action, transmit carbonic acid, ammonia, volatile organic scents, and exhalations from the human body.
[Re-editor's Notes] Good ventilation in the home and large buildings seems to be a common focus of technological applications at the beginning of the twentieth century. In other notes from this edition of The Builder Heritage Journal we have (i) a bill in New York for the minimum fresh-air in the schoolroom, and (ii) a paper presented to the Crystal Palace Engineering School. The House journal also published an in depth article on good ventilation in the Victorian home.
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A size or Substitute for Glue
UK Patent: 23,250
Inventor: Julius Wesel
Instead of animal glue for use in preparing chromo-paper, a compound is made of equal parts of 75 deg. B. solutions of hora in soda or potash lye, with potato meal and soluble glass, acetic acid being added as a neutralising agent.
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A Gravet Slide-Rule
UK Patent: 23,256
Inventor: Andrew Forster
A Slide-rule for use in computing steam pressures, expansion ratios, &c., has the divisions of the
left-hand upper scale marked as-decimals to be read as "cut-offs" and "efficiencies,"
whilst the right-hand upper scale is divided to be read for the number of expansions to suit any
expansion curve required. For the latter scale the inventor sets the terminal line on the slide
to read the calculated mean pressures for a given initial pressure and given initial pressure and
given numbers of expansions, the numbers of expansions being marked upon it against the central line of the bed.
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Improvements relating to Inclined Elevators
UK Patent: 23,311
Inventor: Jesse Wilford Reno
Two endless belts
fitted with treads are passed around sprocket
wheels, driven with bevel gearing from a shaft joined
to the motor,a hand-rail is formed with a split
fiexible tube mounted upon an endless chain passed
around horizontal sprockets at the top and bottom
of the incline—the top sprocket being upon a shaft
which is joined with a universal joint to a shaft
that is driven with bevel gearing.
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Mechanism for Cage-Lifts
UK Patent: 23,322
Inventor: Jasper Wetter
For gradually reducing the speed of the cage by means of
automatically introducing a resistance in the armature
circuit of a shunt-wound motor. As the cage approaches a
landing an arm projecting from it makes contact with a
bar and so closes the circuit of a relay coil in parallel
with the armature of the driving-motor, an arm which is
worked by an auxiliary motor regulates the resistance in the
armature circuit, with the action of the relay coil
the circuit of the auxiliary motor is closed, and the
motor is thereupon started to turn the arm so as to
insert the resistance in the armature circuit of the
motor and retard its speed. When it has been
stopped (by opening the main circuit), the core of
the relay coil falls to complete a circuit to reverse
the auxiliary motor and so to short-circuit the controlling
resistance. In another form a centrifugal govenor that is driven
with a magnetical coupling for opening or closing the contracts takes the
place of the relay coil.
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Materials for Covering Floors, Walls, &c.
UK Patent: 23,388
Inventor: M. Dickmann
The materials, which are described as being fireproof,
water-proof, air-proof, sound-deadening, &c., are
made of paper, peat, fibre, pulp, asbestos, &c.,
rolled, moulded, or pressed into sheets and then treated
with oxidised linseed oil, alum, sulphate of iron, soap,
waterglass, resins, wax, glue, or size, and other suitable
substances. The back of each sheet is recessed and
grooved, and spaces fashioned in the material are to
be filled with sawdust, peat, linoleum, cork, leather,
gutta-percha, or some similar materials, or with
compressed air by sizing or glueing the sheet in a
receiver filled with compressed air.
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Decorative Building Panels
UK Patent: 23,399
Inventor: P. Bacon & Brothers and A.A. Bacon
Strips of plain or coloured wood,
metal, glass, enamels, marble, or earthenware are
decorative leaden glazing, and so produce ornamental
sheets that will serve for covering walls,
ceilings, and other surfaces
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N0. 23,403—A Brazing Flux
Inventor: Friedrich Pich
An admixture of boric acid and a sodium salt, say, sodium
carbonate, will form during the process of brazing a
sodium borate in an anhydrous state, and thereby
obviate intumescence; the flux can be made more
fluid by adding sodium chloride to the compound.
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Fittings for Steel Yards
UK Patent: 23,442
Inventor: C.W. Brecknell
In order to afford a greater range in the
load that may be accurately weighed, the inventor
forms the knife-edge bearings of the load-shackle
upon half-rounded brackets that are affixed to the
steel-yard, the use of a small balance weight is
provided for by bringing the load - sustaining
bearings and the hanging-hook bearings closely
together, whilst their relative positions may alao be
reversed; there are stops which prevent the steel-
yard from vibrating unduly, and for weighing frac-
tions of a pound an auxiliary sliding weight is
employed
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A Holdfast or Fastening for Rainwater and other Pipes
UK Patent: 23,446
Inventor: R. Holden
For attaching iron pipes to walls is devised a box-shaped
bracket whictyis cast on to the pipe-socket and is hung
upon a headed spike which the engagement with the one or
the other of two slots will secure to the wall.
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23,401-2.—CONDUITS FOR ELECTRICAL PURPOSES : G. A. Wayss and C. Freytag (Wayss & Freytag).—lao- sulating-linings are fitted in multiple tubular conduit- sections fashioned of beton, concrete, and so on, b patting a block within a vessel on the top of whic is a hopper; through openings in the bottom of the vessel are passed a number of steam or hot-water pipes (which are closed with conical spring sleeves), and so into the tubular passages. The pipes serve to maintain the insulating material in a molten state. When cooled, the pipes, having been with- drawn, leave the desired lining inside the sections (23,402) For moulding the conduits the inventors athx tubular steel or other cores to a frame that slides upon rails, and force them into corresponding holes in the mould-box; they ram concrete, cement, artificial stone, or some other filling into the mould round about the cores, and thea abstract the cores backwards with a windlass that is worked with toothed wheels and a handie.
23,486 —SIPHONICAL DISCHARGE AND FLUSHING APPARATUS: P. Schurig ~—An annular float is fixed within a bell which is mounted upon a well that contains the standpipe. The pulling down of the bell impels water over the crown of the siphon for starting the flush. A fiexible pipe joins the crown of the bell to a pipe attached to a float within a compartment that will be slowly filled by means of apertures from the main cistern. The float will fall very slowly after the main siphon has been started, so that the uncovering of the pipe admits air for breaking the flush after a certain difference between the water levels in the well and in the cistern has ensued. Thus the height of the original water level in the cistern will not affect the amount of the flush.
23.530.—IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWDRIVERS: F. Dale —The nick of a screw takes the blade of the tool, which is retained in that position with a coned sleeve that slides in opposition to the action of a spring inside a tube secured to the blade. On the blade is a collar upon which the presses. Pegs that engage with the tube and the sleeve respectively will keep the sleeve clear from the end of the blade.
23.574.—F URNACES FOR BURNING CEMENT, Line, &c.: E. W. Stin.—A roasting and furnace is built up in three sections, a slotted base-piate sustains the metallic casing; the material is first moulded into bricks, it is next heated in the upper section, and after having been burned in the middle section, is cooled below before its discharge; air fiows through the base-plate and so around the lower section, becoming heated before it enters the middie fire-chamber, and air flowiog through open- ings in the middle of the casing is also warmed by the middie chamber, and so helps to warm the drying chamber above. The two lower chambers are built up with rings, each ring being composed of seg- ments out of contact with one another in order that expansion may ensue freely, whilst every segment is separately fastened to the casing; lateral pressure is diminished by covering the joints between the segments with strips that are held up with studs which bear upon the casing.
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Fittings for Baths and Lavatories
UK Patent: 23,575
Inventor: Henry Mathias Weaver
On to the nozzle that carries the seating of the waste-valve is screwed a bulb-shaped trap, the side of which projects a hollowed
arm, the trap and arm being made in one piece. Within the arm is a valve-rod fitted with a ball that rocks in its bearing.
The inner end of the rod that extends over the trap is joined with a linked rod to the valve at the bottom of the basin.
Its outer end has an adjustable connexion with a rod that extends downwards from the push, one can open the valve by pressing down the push.
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23,602.—A SUPPORT FOR PLASTER, a Segalerba.—A support for plasterers' work Consists of a trelliswork or network made out os metalij strips, wire, and 80 on, which is to be nailed on 1, the joists. Paper sheets are laid over the networ, which is plastered from below with eome quickly. ing plaster. The wall or ceiling is then i), with liquid lime. ved
23,027.—A SLIDE-RULE FOR MEASURING Ty ner: RK. L. Fennings—A circular slide-ru'e is graduated with logarithmical scales. Two circuly, slides are fitted in the bed and are held wits buttons. The outermost scale, which rasges frm 34 in. to 50 in, is graduated to advance by } io ing direction opposed to that of the bands oi ac) Each of the inner three scales constitutes a repe: tion of a single-radius scale in the direction of the hands of a clock, and the principal cubical superficial equivalents per ton are indicated ups. them with asterisks. A double-radius tale is marked upon the underside of the outermoe slide.
23,082.—PRISM PLATES FOR Glazing Brown.—Paraliel ribs are fashioned UPON prism plates of glass so that their plane surfaces hy! subtend the faces of the plates at angles of do dey and 6o deg. respectively; rounded rips between those ribs. The latter rite will reflect ar transmit diffused rays of light, whilst the rays that emerge through the other ribs will be at oo deg respect of the prism plate
23,718.—Construction of Kilns—The inventor arranges that the gases ot ordinary cement kilns shall be conveyed througn and under neath drying - chambers fur the slurry which ¢ their work in pairs, one being discharged and again charged whilst the other is in action: the covers of the drying-chambers, which wil! ser as drying floors, can be removed at will.
23.851 —MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT: C Dieser —The roastiog-drum or retort, into which is teda finely-divided admixture containing silicic acid gether with the calcined calcareous materials, s heated with furnaces on its outside; spirally-biaded mixers, that turn in opposed directions, are mousted ale formed inside the drum, and torce the matetials to wards the discharge-outiet. A perforated tube having a hollow tronsion at its end constitutes the ioner muse and conveys superheated steam at from (© deg t zoo deg. C., or bot air at about dey. C.; the ex hausteshould take place through the charge \alet
23,880 —APPLIANCES FOR CAGES AND Lifts Gary.—A fixed screw is set up the middie of te well; the cage is fitted with a corresponding screwed sleeve which is secured to a drum in a mir chamber under the cage, one flange engagiog wo pinions on the motor-shafts; for very deep shat the fixed screw is fashioned with a threadies section. When the cage rises it carries with it te lower of two cross-beams which have loose screwed collars that engage with the middle screw and ms forced outwards with springs. As the upper ead o the screwed siceve reaches the upper beam latter is forced upwards in front ot the cage atte the loose collar has become engaged wih tx sleeve; the lower beam ascends usti! it meets the threadiess section and will then cease trom trave: ling with the cage, being sustained by the mcs With the descent of the cage the action is reverse and the upper beam replaces the lower beam.
